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An Introduction to ecommerce

Before going through the concepts of e-commerce, let us revise the meaning of commerce. Commerce is the all activities and procedures related with buying and selling of goods and services. It is a process of distribution of goods from a place where they are produced and found in plenty to a place where the goods are in short supply or scarce. It consists of all persons, organizations and institutions engaged in the distribution of goods and services and provides aids to trade. Aids to trade means the activities which are necessary for the smooth flow of goods from producer to consumer. These activities facilitates trade by removing various barriers in the buying and selling of goods.

The need for more timely information leads to the development of world's largest and most widely used networks, called the Internet. The Internet is an international collection of hardware and software from hundreds of thousands of private and public computer networks. It represents a global platform that permits digital information to be shared and distributed at very little cost to users.

The Internet provides a wide range of information interaction functions, including:

communication (i.e., sending e-mails, transmitting data, etc.),

 accessing information (i.e., searching databases, reading electronic books, etc.), and

supplying information (i.e., transferring files, graphics, etc.).

It is no wonder that people of commerce quickly saw opportunities in using  the Internet to conduct business. It was capacitated by businesses into universally accepted standards for  storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked  environment. This capacitated environment of the Internet is called the World  Wide Web (WWW) and permits businesses to get online and conduct a variety of  business activities.

Tim Berners-Lee (father of internet) of the European Laboratory for Particle  Physics was credited in 1990 with developing several protocols used in the initial  development of the WWW (Deithel, et al. 2001, p. 12). One example of the use of the WWW standardization capacity is the use of Web sites in conducting  business transactions. It is the capacity of the WWW that allows users of a computer over the Internet to locate and view multimedia documents such as text, graphics, animations, and videos that make up Web sites. As the use of the WWW matured during the 1990's, new terms emerged to more acturately differentiate the different types of business transactions that were taking place  over the Internet. One of these new terms was called "electronic commerce" hereafter referred to as "e-commerce." 

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ECOMMERCE

Infrastructure is needed for ecommerce to transfer content like text, graphics, audio, video, animations etc. it should include consumer access equipments, hardware and software vendors, ecommerce application providers, global information distribution networks. More clearly the ecommerce infrastructure can be categorised as follows:-

1. E-Commmerce Environment
2. Infrastructure Services
3. E-Commerce Solution Providers
4. Tangible Infrastructure Layer
5. Technology Layer
6. Infrastructure Layer
7. Operational Layer

Functions of E-Commerce

• E-Marketing
• E-Selling
• E-Service
• E-Analytics
• Communication
• Process Management
• Transaction Capabilities
• Attract
• Inform
• Pay
• Interact
• Product Deliver

Syllabus - E-COMMERCE AND GENERAL INFORMATICS

 COMMON CORE-3     E-COMMERCE AND GENERAL INFORMATICS

Instructional Hrs-72

Credit-4

OBJECTIVE-           The objective of this course is to make the students familiar with the mechanism of conducting business transactions through electronic media.

MODULE-1     Overview of Electronic Commerce-Introduction to E-commerce � Concepts, features and functions � Operation of e-commerce � Infrastructure for E-commerce � Application of E-Commerce in Direct Marketing and Selling, Value Chain Integration, Supply Chain Management, Corporate Purchasing, Financial and Information Services

                                                                             (12 hrs)

MODULE-2     E-Commerce Models and Strategies -Types of E-commerce : B2B, B2C, C2C �C2B- Business Models for E-Commerce- Brokerage Model, Aggregator Model, Info-mediary model, Community Model, Value chain model, Manufacturer model, Advertising Model, Subscription model- Electronic Data Interchange � Mobile Commerce and Web Commerce - Introduction to ERP-Components.

                                                                             (18 hrs)

MODULE-3     Electronic Payment Systems -Overview of Electronic Payment Systems, Cybercash (Customer to Merchant Payments, Peer to Peer Payments, Security).Smart Card (Card Types, Closed or Open Security, Privacy, Card Costs, Non Card Costs), Electronic Banking, Electronic Fund Transfers.

                                                          (12 hrs)

MODULE-4     E-Commerce Security-Introduction to Security � Passwords � Viruses � Firewalls - Encryption (PGP, SHTTP, SSL) - digital signature � digital certificate - other security measures

                                                          (12 hrs)

MODULE-5     Setting up of E-Commerce Business-Web development � Promotion of the web sites � Trust building � Loyalty building � Marketing and branding - Online transactions � Management and control � Product delivery � Settlement.

                                                         (18 hrs)

SUGGESTED READINGS

1.     Doing Business on the Internet E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce for Business) S. Jaiswal,Galgotia Publications.

2.     E-Commerce: An Indian Perspective, P.T.Joseph, S.J., PHI.

3.     Web Commerce Technology handbook: Daniel Minoli and Emma Minoli, TMH

4.     Business on the net: An Introduction to the �whats� and �hows� of e-commerce: Agarwala and Lal, Macmillan India Ltd.

5.     E-Commerce, the Cutting Edge of Business: Kamalesh K Bajaj and Debjani Nag, TMH

6.     E-Commerce: Schneider, Thomson Publication

E-Commerce (Origin)